Mental health for Black students has been a significant issue that has gained attention in recent years, highlighting the unique challenges and disparities faced by this demographic group. In order to fully understand the complexities surrounding mental health for Black students, it is important to explore the historical context of mental health within the Black community, key figures who have contributed to the field, and the impact of mental health on Black students today. Throughout history, the Black community has faced systemic racism, oppression, and discrimination which have had profound effects on mental health.
From slavery to segregation to present-day institutional racism, Black individuals have been subjected to trauma that can manifest in various mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD. The stigma surrounding mental health in the Black community has also prevented many individuals from seeking help, leading to higher rates of untreated mental illness. Key figures in the mental health field have played a crucial role in advocating for the mental health needs of Black students.
Black psychologist, Dr. Kobi K.K. Kambon (1943-2018) was considered a radical in the field of psychology, as it pertained to Black people. Kambon, in his research, asserted that Black people around the world possess “African Self Extension Orientation (ASEO), or an unconscious but deeply felt experience of Blackness” (Center For Advances Hindsight). This attribute embodies the acknowledgment of identity as African, and a commitment to the liberation, improvement, and respect of other African individuals and the larger African community. Essentially, Kambon drew a connection between self-awareness within the context of one’s social circumstance in a larger society. He further asserted that cultural misorientation can occur when Eurocentric norms are internalized, reinforcing racism and incongruence with the cultural background of Black people. This creates a state of internal conflict.
Another radical Black psychologist, Bobby Wright (1934-1982) emphasized the need for Africans to define themselves. He focused on recognizing the psychology of racial warfare and held the belief in self-determination through independence from European world views. “He coined the phrase ‘Mentacide’ which he described as the deliberate and systematic destruction of the African mind, and his ideas helped develop protocols for a culturally sensitive and relevant treatment of Black mental health” (Blackpast.org). Another important theory that came from Wright was the Wright Social-Political Model, wherein he evaluated the occurrence of Black suicide and drew parallels between suicide, socio-political influences dynamics and self-destruction.
Dr. William Cross, a renowned psychologist who developed the theory of Nigrescence which explores the racial identity development of Black individuals. His work has provided valuable insights into the unique experiences of Black students and how they navigate their racial identity in educational settings. Additionally, Dr. Monnica Williams, a clinical psychologist, has focused her research on the intersection of race and mental health, shedding light on the disparities in access to mental health care for Black individuals. The impact of mental health on Black students is multifaceted, with various factors influencing their overall well-being.
Issues such as racial discrimination, socioeconomic disparities, and lack of culturally competent mental health services can exacerbate mental health challenges for Black students. Studies have shown that Black students are less likely to receive mental health treatment compared to their white counterparts, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive and accessible resources. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of addressing mental health for Black students, leading to initiatives and programs aimed at providing support and resources.
Organizations such as the Steve Fund and the National Association of Black Psychologists have worked to promote mental health awareness and support for Black students on college campuses. These efforts have helped to create a more inclusive and supportive environment for Black students to address their mental health needs. Despite the progress made in advocating for mental health for Black students, there are still challenges that need to be addressed.
In the future, it is essential to continue to elevate the voices of Black students and advocate for policies and programs that prioritize their mental health. Increasing representation in the mental health field, providing culturally competent care, and addressing systemic barriers to access are crucial steps towards improving mental health outcomes for Black students. By fostering a more inclusive and supportive environment, we can ensure that all students, regardless of race, have the resources they need to thrive mentally and emotionally.